مجله جراحی استخوان و مفاصل ایران
سال بیستم شماره 2 (پیاپی 77، بهار 1401)

 Malignant soft tissue Tumours of the foot represent a unique subset of all soft tissue tumours, showing variance in type, location, age, prognosis, and treatment from tumours in the rest of the musculoskeletal system. The main objective was to describe the prevalence, demography and anatomical distribution of the malignant soft tissue tumours of the foot and subsequently, analyze the significance of operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for local control and survival rate in patients with foot malignant tumours.

 The malignant soft-tissue foot tumours surgically treated by the author during a 6-years period (2010-2016) were retrospectively studied for their presenting symptomatology, treatment modalities and outcomes. The follow-up was considered for at least 5 years survival benchmark.

 Only three of our patients under went amputation as a primary surgical plan. Others went under limb-salvage surgeries. Operation type had no significant effect on overall survival in our case series. The results of this study support the use of wide surgical excision and limb salvage surgery if obtainable, which is similar to previous reports.

 Our study focused exclusively on the presentation, treatments and outcomes of malignant soft-tissue tumours of the foot. By focusing solely on malignant soft-tissue tumours of the foot we hoped to better characterize the presentation, treatment and outcomes of this rare clinical entity.

 The most common problem in female athletes is noncontact lower extremity injuries partly related to proprioception and balance. The aim of this study is comparison of 3 training methods, namely neuromuscular, strength & combined trainings effects on proprioception, and balance in female basketball players.

 The subjects were 42 female basketball athletes with mean age, height and weight of 20.73±1.88 years' 172.47±6.57 cm and 63.54±4.98 kg. The body mass index was (21.36±1.17). 3 experimental and 1 control groups completed 6 weeks and 3 times per week neuromuscular, strength and combined trainings. Knee proprioception was measured by Isokinetic Biodex Dynamometer and functional balance by star excursion balance test before and after training. Repeated measure Anova, Independent sample T test and post hoc test was used to show differences between Grou ps.

 Statistical analysis of data revealed a significant difference in knee proprioception and functional balance between the 4 training groups (p<0/05). 
The combined trainings followed by neuromuscular trainings in female athletes improved the neuromuscular function. 

 Prescription of combined trainings and then neuromuscular trainings in female athletes’ trainings can cause improvement in neuromuscular function in female basketball players.

 Percutaneous vertebroplasty as an effective and relatively new treatment can strengthen broken vertebrae and reduce the pain of osteoporotic fractures. The Present study was conducted to assess the results of such treatment in osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

 In the present study, all the patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures, having undergone vertebroplasty were studied by VAS before and after vertebroplasty. Complications after vertebroplasty (infection, nerve lesion, extra vertebrae cement leakage, cement-to-lung leakage and adjacent vertebrae fracture) were documented. Statistical data were entered into SPSS statistical software version 24 and statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square and independent t-tests.

 Of the 40 evaluated cases, 10 (25%) were male and 30 (75%) females. The mean age of patients was 76.26 years. The mean of Visual Analogue Scale before vertebroplasty was 8.06, and after vertebroplasty was 1.34. The observed side effect was extra vertebrae leakage of cement, which was observed in eight cases (16%). No case of infection, nerve damage, and cement leakage into the lung or adjacent vertebral fracture was observed. Based on the analytical evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean of Visual Analogue Scale before vertebroplasty considering gender (P = 0.485) and age (P = 0.134). In addition, there was no significant difference between the mean of Visual Analogue Scale after vertebroplasty considering gender (P = 0.325) and age (P = 0.809). However, the mean of Visual Analogue Scale after vertebroplasty had a significant reduction in comparison to before vertebroplasty (P=0.0001). The second lumbar vertebra has been the most commonly involved vertebra.

 Based on observed results, percutaneous vertebroplasty can reduce the severity of pain in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

 Pulley is a synovial tissue that attaches the flexor tendons to the dorsal portions of the fibro-osseous tunnel near the tendon attachment. Pulley type A with ring structure is one of the most important pulleys in fingers. Two-stage reconstruction by silicon is the common treatment in damaged tendon which has long recovery time and the tendency of the repaired tendon to adhere to the fibrous-bone tunnel around it. Accordingly, the one-stage reconstruction by synthetic pulley is a promising approach to resolve the mentioned problems.

 In the present research, the polyurethane (PU) nanofiber scaffolds have been designed for synthetic pulley applications, and their mechanical and structural properties have been evaluated.

 The structural properties of nanofiber scaffolds show similar properties to protein and polysaccharide fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed the functional groups of PU without any unwanted reactions. The amount of stress (3.19 ± 0.54) and Young's modulus (1.20 ± 0.39) in PU nanofiber scaffolds show similar mechanical properties to natural pulley.

 The obtained results showed that the PU nanofibers scaffolds can be proposed as a suitable candidate for fabrication of synthetic pulley in flexor tendon injuries.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlation between vitamin D in 13-36 month old children with tibial bone fracture.

 This cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 18 to 36 months who referred to a medical center in South-East of Iran with tibial fracture. All the demographic information was collected and vitamin-D levels were measured and statistically analyzed.

 A total of 30 children were included in the study, and the mean vitamin D level in these subjects was 31.6±6.1. This study showed no significant relationship between low vitamin D levels with increase in the risk of tibia fracture in children who had recently started walking.

 The present study revealed a significant association between vitamin D level and its deficiency with an elevated risk of tibia bone fracture in toddlers between 18-36 months.

 Acquiring knowledge about anatomic and geometric measurement of bone is among the most vital parameters in knee arthroplasty and has a significant effect on the subsequent outcomes. The aim of this study is to obtain anthropometric measurements of the distal femur of adult Sudanese Population and to compare the results with other populations.

 This descriptive study conducted at Alamal hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, between Sep. 2020 and Feb. 2021, included all adult patients attending the radiology clinic for CT scan with normal knees. The Femoral medio-lateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) dimensions of the distal femora were measured. The collected data was analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS).

 385 adult Sudanese were studied. The mean age was 59.1±18.5 years (Range 20-86 years). 69.9% were male and 30.1% female. 45% were left knees and 55% right. The mean ML diameter was 76.6±6.0mm (rang 66.7-88.2mm), and the mean of AP was 45.640±4.9 mm (range 37.2-54mm). The anthropometric measurements of the distal femur of Sudanese people fall between Greek and Korean.

 There were differences in mean ML and AP dimensions between the Sudanese population and other ethnic groups which should be kept in mind when designing Total Knee Arthroplasty implants.

 An increase in the movement of one or more joints beyond the normal range of motion is known as hyper-mobility. However, in most cases, joint hyper-mobility is observed as a confined phenomenon referred to as generalized joint hyper-mobility (GJH). The present study aims to compare and evaluate the prevalence of GJH among Iranian students.

 The present cross-sectional and retrospective study enrolled both male and female students aged 8 to 18 years who were willingly enthusiastic to participate in this study. For this, 1225 students (726 girls and 499 boys) were chosen through the convenience and targeted sampling method. The research tool was a self-assessment 5-part questionnaire for identifying GJH (5PQ; Sensitivity: 80-85%; Specificity: 80-90%) (Hakim & Grahame). Due to the Covid-19 pandemic and no direct access to students, the questionnaire was designed in Google Forms Survey Administration software and distributed online among sports teachers or students through social networks. The data gathered from completed questionnaires were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using the two-way chi-square test.

 The prevalence of GJH among female students (41.2%) was higher than that among male students (30.7%). The two-way chi-square test revealed a significant difference in the rate of GJH between female and male students (p=0.001, ƛ=13.97). According to the results, "gender" accounted for 10% of the prevalence of hyper-mobility in students. The statistical tests revealed that "age" causes no significant difference in the rate of hyper-mobility among students (p=0.54, ƛ=10.79).

 The present study revealed a high prevalence of GJH among Iranian students. The prevalence of GJH among female students was higher than that among male students. Thus, these results entail paying more attention to this phenomenon, as it may provoke physical and psychological complications in the future for students affected by GJH.

 Pulley is a synovial tissue that attaches the flexor tendons to the dorsal portions of the fibro-osseous tunnel near the tendon attachment. Pulley type A with ring structure is one of the most important pulleys in fingers. Two-stage reconstruction by silicon is the common treatment in damaged tendon which has long recovery time and the tendency of the repaired tendon to adhere to the fibrous-bone tunnel around it. Accordingly, the one-stage reconstruction by synthetic pulley is a promising approach to resolve the mentioned problems.
 

 In the present research, the polyurethane (PU) nanofiber scaffolds have been designed for synthetic pulley applications, and their mechanical and structural properties have been evaluated.

 The structural properties of nanofiber scaffolds show similar properties to protein and polysaccharide fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirmed the functional groups of PU without any unwanted reactions. The amount of stress (3.19 ± 0.54) and Young's modulus (1.20 ± 0.39) in PU nanofiber scaffolds show similar mechanical properties to natural pulley.

 The obtained results showed that the PU nanofibers scaffolds can be proposed as a suitable candidate for fabrication of synthetic pulley in flexor tendon injuries.